Brick construction.



No. 721,751. PATBNTED MAR. 3, 1903.

E, D. SCOTT.

BRICK CONSTRUCTION. 1

APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 29, 1901. v 11o MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WL'zlLess 651 Inventor 110.721,751. PATENTED MAR. 3, 1903. 4

E. yD. SCOTT. f VBRICK CONSTRUCTION.

/ APPLICATION FILED AUG. 2.9, 1901. l

N0 HODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

-FIrL-hi UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

ELMER D'. SCOTT, OF GLENVILLE, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOHN R. BLAKESLEE, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

BRICK CONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION fori-ning part of Letters Patent No. 721,751, dated March 3, 1903. Application filed August 29, 1901. Serial No. 73,698. (Nomodel.)

its object being to permit of such construction in a simple, economical, and efficacious manner. Y

Such invention consists of means hereinafter fully described, and specifically set forth inthe claims.

The annexed drawings and the following 2o description set forth in detail certain Ymeans embodying the invention, such disclosed means constituting but one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be used. z5 In said annexed drawings, Figure I represents an elevationof a portion of the brick structure embodying my invention, showing a portion broken away and in vertical cross-section. Fig. II represents a horizontalcrosssection of a portion of the brick structure embodying myinvention andillustrating a modied form thereof. Fig. III represents a perspective view of a portion of such structure, upon an enlarged scale, illustrating one elemental brick used therein. Figs. IV, V, and VI represent views similar to that illustrated in Fig. III, illustrating modified forms of bricks embodying my invention.

My said invention may be embodied in a 4o construction requiringany of the usual forms of bricks. In the construction illustrated, however, the bricks shown are those having the common form-,that is, the form of a parallelepiped. The following description will 45 hence be devoted to the invention as particularly applied to said common form of brick. Such description will, however, enable any one skilled in the art to apply such invention to any one of the usual other forms of brick. The upper and lowerl faces A of such brick are each provided with a depression d, having its peripheral surface portions a. a a2 a2 removed frorn the periphery of the brick, Fig. III. In the form shown the depression is bounded by five plane surfaces, of which the lateral ones a' d and a? a2 converge toward eachother in the direction of the center of the brick in order to facilitate the withdrawal of the die used for forming same, as will be readilyunderstood. Theformshown,inwhich 6o the depressions are entirely included within peripheries of their respective faces, is my preferred form; but any shape of depression may be employed in which a line may be drawn parallel with the longitudinal or trans- 6 5 versey brick axis and pierce the laterallybounding planes of the depression at at least two points. Each of the two end faces A of the brick is provided with a semicylindrically-formed duct a3, located transversely with 7o relation to and intersecting the upper and lower faces A. Said ducts are preferably located centrally with relation to their respective end faces, such location facilitating the laying of the bricks, as hereinafter described and as will be readily understood. In bricks of forrnother than that shown in the construction such ducts a3 maybe located in any face transversely located relatively to the faces containing the depressions a and intersecting 8o such faces.

In forming a structure with bricks of the above description the latter are laid in courses one upon the other, adjacent bricks of the same course being laid so as to cause their contiguous end surfaces to be in contact with each other and the bricks ofy the different courses to have their contiguous upper and lower surfaces in contact with each other. As in the ordinary method of laying bricks, 9o these bricks are laid so as to overlap one another, and the depressions in the upperand lower surfaces are made of a length sufficient to cause them to overlap, as illustrated in Fig.

I. In such laying it is preferable to cause each brick to overlap half of the contiguous bricks, as shown, and to assist the bricklayer` in securing such position transverse marks a4 are provided in any suitable manner upon the upper and lower surfaces of the bricks. roo In such position of the bricks the semicylindrical end ducts a3 of contiguous bricks register with one another and form cylindrical ports, as shown in Fig. I. The contiguous depressions a communicate one with the other as a result of the described overlapping and form one continuous longitudinal cavity, as shown in Fig. I. By forming the depression as previously described but a single depression in each face need be provided and longitudinal or transverse displacement of the brick may after being laid be prevented. These cavities are open to exterior communication by means of the ports described, the alternately-oecurring location of such ports establishing communication with each other of the various cavities, as is seen from the drawings. Two courses of bricks being in the position above described cement or some other binding agent in liquid form may now be poured into the ports to till the cavities formed between them. Such cement or binding material D upon hardening forms a solid body which secures the courses as a result of its adhesion thereto and prevents lateral and longitudinal displacement of the bricks as a result of the peculiar formation of such body arising from the above-described form and location of the depressions e. Such pouring may be readily eected, since the adjacent surfaces are all in contact one with the other, thereby inelosing the cavities sufficiently to preventthecementorotherliquid binder from oozing out between such surfaces. Contiguous tiers of courses may be similarly bound one to the other by forming the lateral longitudinal faces A2 with depressions a5, similar to the depressions e, and causing the contiguous bricks of the adjacent tiers to overlap in the above-described manner and as shown in Fig. II. In such case ducts d6 are formed in the end faces A', located transversely relatively to ducts a3 and centrally located, as is shown in Fig. IV. Such ducts a of adjacent bricks register with each other and form ports communicating with cavities formed by the depressions a5 and located between the adjacent tiers. These cavities communicate with the cavities between the courses, so that the entire system of cavities provides continuous communication, so that the cement or other binder, upon hardening, forms one continuously-connected body throughout the structure.

In order to fill the cavities formed by the depressions a upon the lower side of the first courses of bricks, duets b may be formed by breaking away a portion of the brick material, as shown in Fig. IV in dotted lines, or bricks may be especially molded for such lowermost courses having such ducts b already formed, Fig. VI.

Vhen the construction is used which is illustrated in Fig. II, the bricks constituting the two outer courses C and C, when both the lateral surfaces of the structure are to be exposed, as in a Wall, and it is desired to have such surfaces smooth, the inner lateral surface alone of each brick need be provided with a depression a5 and with but one duet a, as will be understood.

When it is desired to utilize my invention in a construction with air or liquid tight brick structures, a groove d is formed intermediately of each side of the depression o. and the adjacent brick edge and intersecting the two end faces of the brick, as shown in Fig. V. Such end faces are formed with a groove d', intermediate of the duet a3 and each adjacent side edge of such end faces and connecting the adjacent ends of the grooves d, as shown in said iigure. Duets d2 are formed connecting the grooves d with the depressions a. It is thus seen that when bricks of the above-described construction are placed contiguous to and upon each other a continuous cavity is formed completely around each side of each brick, which may be lilled with cement or other binder during the pouring operation previously described. Such cement or binder upon hardening in such cavities formed by such grooves projects into contiguous bricks, thereby forming an air-tight or liquid-tight joint, as described. Duets (Z3 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. V) may be substituted for the duets (Z2, or both may be used in combination, it being only necessary to provide intercommunication between the ports formed by duets a3 and said grooves at any suitable point.

Fig. VI illustrates a brick combining the features of the invention illustrated in Figs. IV and V and in which additional ducts b and b2 are shown providing additional communication between ducts a3 and depressions a.

By the use of the above-described invention the bricks comprising the structure may be,as will be readily understood, laid dry that is, the bricks of one entire course may be laid before they need be cemented to each other, thereby greatly reducing the time required in forming the structure. Further, since the bricks are laid with their contiguous surfaces in contact with each other, and hence without the intervening layer of mortar or cement, as in the ordinary brick construction, the penciling of the mortar is entirely dispensed with in my improved construction. A further economical advantage IOO IIO

arising out of the use of the above-described invention resides in the absence of the necessity for employing the highly-skilled labor usually employed in this class of work.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the means herein disclosed provided the means stated by any one of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and dis` tinetly claim as my inventionl. In a brick construction, a brick having a centrally-located depression on each of two opposite faces, such depressions being removed from the edges of such faces so as to form surrounding projecting walls on the four sides of the brick, each of two other opposite faces being provided with a duct intersecting the planes of the said first-named faces.

2. In a brick construction, a brick having a single depression on each of two of its opposite faces entirelyfincluded within the periphery of such face, each of two other opposite faces being provided with a duct intersecting the planes of the said first-named faces.

3. In a brick construction, a brick having a depression on each of two of its opposite faces entirely included within the periphery of such faces, each of two other opposite faces beingy provided with a duct intersecting the planes of said first-named faces, the latter faces being provided with channels establishing communication between said depressions and ducts.

4. In brick construction, a brick formed with a facial depression, aduct intermediate of one side of such depression and the contiguous edge of the brick, a ductintersecting the sides of such depression and intermediate duct, its end faces formed with a duct located transversely relatively to said upper and lower faces and intersecting the latter.

5. In brick construction, a brick provided upon two opposite faces with a depression, a groove intermediate of each side of such depressions and the adjacent brick edge and intersecting the two end faces of the brick, such end faces being each formed with a duct intersecting the first-named faces, and with a groove intermediate of each side edge of each such end face and the said end face duct and connecting the adjacent ends of said first-named intermediate grooves and ducts connecting said intermediate grooves with said depression.

6. In brick construction, a brick formed with a single centrally-located depression on its top and bottom faces, such depressions being removed from the adjacent brick edges so as to form projecting walls on the four sides of the top and bottom of the brick, each of the two end faces of the brick being formed with a centrally-located duct traversing a direction at right angles with the plane of the top and bottom of the brick.

7. A brick construction consisting of the combination of a plurality of bricks laid in courses, adjacent bricks of the same course and of different courses being laid with their contiguous surfaces in contact with each other, the bricks of one course overlapping those of the contiguous courses, upper and lower contiguous brick faces being provided with depressions of length sufficient to cause each of such depressions of contiguous bricks to overlap two depressions of contiguous bricks of a contiguous course, each end face of such bricks being provided with a duct intersecting such upper and lower faces.

Signed by me this 7th day of August, 1901.

E. D. scorr.

Attest:

GEO. WM. SAYWELL, A. E. MERKEL. 

